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1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster
The 1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster was an explosion and fire that claimed many lives and destroyed several square miles of New Jersey factories. It began on Saturday morning, March 1, 1924, when an explosion destroyed a building in Nixon, New Jersey (an area within present-day Edison, New Jersey) used for processing ammonium nitrate.〔"Many are Killed in Explosion: Staten Island is Rocked by Terrific Blast,” The Bee (Danville, Virginia), 1924-03-01, p. 1〕 The 11:15 a.m. explosion touched off fires in surrounding buildings in the Nixon Nitration Works that contained other highly flammable materials.〔"Explosion Kills 30, Rocks New Jersey: Ammonia Plant of the Nixon Nitrate Works Blows up With Roar That Shakes Countryside for 25 Miles; Fire Follows,” Middletown Daily Herald, 1924-03-02, p. 1.〕 The disaster killed twenty persons, destroyed forty buildings,〔’Begin Probe of Explosion: Inquiry into Cause of Blast Which Killed 18 and Destroyed 40 Buildings Begins,” Lowell Sun, 1924-03-03, at 19.〕 and demolished the “tiny industrial town of Nixon, New Jersey.”〔“Blast Levels a Town: TNT, Being Changed to Fertilizer, Blows Up, Killing 18,” Weekly Kansas City Star, 1924-03-05, at 2.〕
==The setting==
The Nixon Nitration Works, which included a number of plants, covered about on the Raritan River, near New Brunswick, in what was then officially known as Raritan Township (later changed to Edison) and unofficially known as Nixon, New Jersey.〔 It was originally created by naval architect and industrialist Lewis Nixon in 1915, upon the outbreak of World War I, to supply some of the warring nations of Europe with gunpowder and other war materials. When the war ended its facilities were put to broader uses, involving other explosive materials.
The company manufactured cellulose nitrate (also known as pyroxylin-plastic), the first plastic.〔〔“(Lewis Nixon Says Failure to Remove TNT from Shells Probably Caused the Blast ),” New York Times, 1924-03-02.〕 Because of its use of nitrate, the material is highly flammable. At the works, cellulose nitrate was maintained in sheets that had been piled in the surrounding buildings.〔〔
Within the Works, Nixon leased to the Ammonite Company a storage house located from its buildings.〔 Ammonite was using the facility to salvage the contents of artillery shells for use as agricultural fertilizer.〔 That salvage occurred after trinitrotoluene (better known as TNT) was extracted from the shells at the nearby Raritan Arsenal by Columbia Storage Company, owned by aeronautic pioneer Charles A. Levine.〔 The Ammonite building reportedly contained of ammonium nitrate in storage and fifteen tank cars, each holding of ammonium nitrate in the process of crystallization.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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